High Temp Metals 800-500-2141

INCONEL 625 TECHNICAL DATA


Type Analysis | Description | Corrosion Resistance | Pickling
Physical Properties | Mechanical Properties | Heat Treatment | Workability

Type Analysis

Element

Min

Max

Carbon

--

0.10

Nickel

Bal.

Chromium

20.0

23.0

Iron

--

5.00

Silicon

--

0.50

Manganese

--

0.50

Sulfur

--

0.015

Phosphorus

--

0.015

Molybdenum

8.00

10.0

Titanium

--

0.40

Cobalt

--

1.00

Columbium + Tantalum

3.15

4.15

Aluminum

--

0.40

Description

Alloy 625 is a nonmagnetic , corrosion - and oxidation-resistant, nickel-based alloy. Its outstanding strength and toughness in the temperature range cryogenic to 2000°F (1093°C) are derived primarily from the solid solution effects of the refractory metals, columbium and molybdenum, in a nickel-chromium matrix. The alloy has excellent fatigue strength and stress-corrosion cracking resistance to chloride ions. Some typical applications for alloy 625 have included heat shields, furnace hardware, gas turbine engine ducting, combustion liners and spray bars, chemical plant hardware, and special seawater applications.


Corrosion Resistance

Alloy 625 has withstood many corrosive environments. In alkaline, salt water, fresh water, neutral salts, and in the air, almost no attack occurs. The nickel and chromium provide resistance to oxidizing environments. Nickel and molybdenum provide for resistance to nonoxidizing atmospheres. Pitting and crevice corrosion are prevented by molybdenum. Niobium stabilizes the alloy against sensitization during welding. Chloride stress-corrosion cracking resistance is excellent. The alloy resists scaling and oxidation at high temperatures.


Pickling

Sodium hydride baths are necessary to descale this alloy. After the sodium hydride treatment, the material should be immersed in a sulfuric acid bath 165°F (74°C) for approximately 3 minutes. A 25-minute immersion in a nitric-hydrofluoric bath 145°F (63°C) is then necessary. Rinse. Sulfuric solution: 16% by weight, H2SO4. Nitric solution: 8% HNO3 by weight and 3% HF by weight. Acid etching for macro-inspection-expose material electrolytically to a 3-to-1 HCl to HNO3 solution, saturated with CuCl2 at a current density of 0.645 amp/in² (25.4 A/m)


Physical Properties

Physical Property

°C

Metric Units

°F

British Units

Density

22

8.44 g/cubic cm

72

0.305 lb/cubic in.

Electrical
Resistivity

23
100
200
300
400
500
600

1.26 microhm-m
1.27
1.28
1.29
1.30
1.31
1.32

74
212
392
572
752
932
1112

49.6 microhm-in.
50.0
50.4
50.8
51.2
51.6
52.0

Mean Coefficient
of Thermal
Expansion

20-204
20-316
20-427
20-538
20-649
20-760
20-871
20-982

13.1 x 10(-6)m/m-°C
13.5
13.9
14.4
15.1
15.7
16.6
17.3

68-400
68-600
68-800
68-1000
68-1200
68-1400
68-1600
68-1800

7.3 microinches/in.-°F
7.5
7.7
8.0
8.4
8.7
9.2
9.6

Thermal
Conductivity

23
100
200
300
400
500
600

9.8 W/M-°C
11.4
13.4
15.5
17.6
19.6
21.3

74
212
392
572
752
932
1112

68 Btu-in./ft².-hr.-°F
79
93
108
122
136
148

Specific
Heat

0
100
200
300
400
500
600

429 J/kg-°C
446
463
480
496
513
560

32
212
392
572
752
932
1112

0.102 Btu/lb-°F
0.107
0.111
0.115
0.118
0.123
0.134

Average Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity *

Form

Condition

Test Temp.,
F(C)

Average Dynamic Modulus of
Elasticity, psi x 10(6) (MPa)

Plate,
3/8 in. (9.5 mm)
thick

Annealed at
1925°F (1052°C),
rapid cooled

Room
200 (93)
400 (204)
600 (316)
800 (427)
1000 (538)
1200 (649)
1400 (760)
1600 (871)
1800 (982)

30.2 (208,000)
29.2 (201,000)
28.8 (199,000)
27.7 (191,000)
26.7 (184,000)
25.6 (176,000)
24.3 (168,000)
22.8 (157,000)
21.2 (146,000)
18.7 (129,000)

* Average of five tests at each temperature.


Mechanical Properties

Average Impact Strength, Plate *

Aging Temperature,
F (C)

Aging Time, hrs.

Average Charpy V-Notch
Impact Strength,

ft. lbs.

J

Annealed**

--

81

110

1200 (649)

1000
4000
8000
16000

11
8
5
4

15
11
7
5

1400 (760)

1000
4000
8000
16000

5
4
5
4

7
5
7
5

1600 (871)

1000
4000
8000
16000

12
11
15
14

16
15
20
19

*Average of four tests on 1/2-in. (12.7mm) plate from a single heat.
**1875F (1024C), rapid cooled.

Average Hardness and Tensile Data, Room Temperature

Condition

Form

Ultimate
Tensile
Strength,
ksi (MPa)

Yield
Strength
at 0.2%
offset,ksi (MPa)

Elongation
in 2"
percent

Hardness,
Rockwell

Annealed at
1925°F (1052°C),
rapid cooled

Sheet
0.014-0.063"
thick

132.0 (910)

67.9 (468)

47

B94

Annealed at
1925°F (1052°C),
rapid cooled

Sheet,*
0.0.78-0.155"
thick

131.5 (907)

67.4 (465)

45

B97

Annealed at
1925°F (1052°C),
rapid cooled

Plate,***
1/4"
1/2"
3/4"
1.00"
1-1/2"
1-3/4"


132.0 (910)
130.0 (896)
132.3 (912)
127.2 (877)
127.3 (878)
128.0 (883)


65.5 (452)
67.0 (462)
80.0 (552)
75.3 (519)
73.7 (508)
66.0 (455)


46
44
44
42
43
44


B94
B98
B98
B97
B97
C20

*Based on average of 146 tests
**Based on average of 67 tests.
***Based on average of 4 or less tests.

Aged Hardness, Room Temperature*

Form

Aging Temperature,
F (C)

Aging Tme, hrs.

Hardness,
Rockwell A

Plate,
1/2 in. (12.7 mm)
thick

Annealed**

--

58

1200 (649)

1000
4000
8000

68
68
68

1400 (760)

1000
4000
8000

65
66
65

1600 (871)

1000
4000
8000

60
60
60

*Single tests from a single heat.
**1875F (1024C), rapid cooled.

Average Tensile Data, Room Temperature*

Form

Aging Temperature,
F (C)

Aging Tme, hrs.

Ultimate
Tensile
Strength,
Ksi (MPa)

Yield
Strength
at 0.2%
offset,
Ksi (MPa)

Elongation
in 2 in.,
(50.8 mm),
percent

Plate,
1/2 in. (12.7 mm)
thick

Annealed**

--

127.7 (880)

66.2 (456)

46

1200 (649)

1000
4000
8000
16000

165.0 (1138)
163.6 (1128)
164.2 (1132)
165.4 (1140)

122.3 (843)
117.9 (813)
117.8 (812)
118.5 (817)

28
24
18
12

1400 (760)

1000
4000
8000
16000

142.9 (985)
145.5 (1003)
142.6 (983)
140.4 (968)

95.5 (658)
104.1 (718)
97.4 (672)
96.1 (663)

17
12
13
12

1600 (871)

1000
4000
8000
16000

130.0 (896)
130.0 (896)
127.0 (876)
128.4 (885)

68.3 (471)
66.4 (458)
63.7 (439)
63.4 (437)

30
29
26
32

*Average of three tests from a single heat.
**1875F (1024C), rapid cooled.

Average Tensile Data, Sheet*

Test
Temperature,
°F(°C)

Ultimate
Tensile
Strength,
ksi (MPa)

Yield
Strength
at 0.2%
offset,ksi (MPa)

Elongation
in 2"
percent

Room
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000

138.8 (957)
133.3 (919)
129.4 (892)
125.6 (866)
122.2 (843)
119.9 (827)
119.6 (825)
88.4 (609)
52.1 (359)
25.0 (172)
13.3 (92)

72.0 (496)
67.3 (464)
62.2 (429)
59.5 (410)
59.2 (408)
58.8 (405)
57.0 (393)
55.3 (381)
34.9 (241)
10.8 (75)
6.1 (42)

38
41
44
45
45
46
47
70
69
108
89

*Annealed at 1925°F (1052°C), rapid cooled.

Average Rupture Data, Sheet*

Test Temperature,
°F(°C)

Average Rupture Strength, ksi (MPa)
for Time Indicated

10 hrs

100 hrs

1000 hrs

1200 (649)
1400 (760)
1600 (871)

82 (565)
36 (248)
12 (83)

71 (490)
27 (186)
6.7 (46)

60 (414)
20 (138)**
3.7 (26)**

*Annealed at 1925°F (1052°C), rapid cooled.
**Extrapolated


Heat Treatment

Alloy 625 has three basic heat treatments:
(1)High Solution Anneal - 2000/2200°F (1093/1204°C), air quench or faster.
(2)Low Solution Anneal - 1700/1900°F (927/1038°C), air quench or faster.
(3)Stress Relieve - 1650°F (899°C), air quench.
The time at the above temperatures depends on volume and section thickness. Strip, for example, would require shorter times than large sections. Temperatures for treatments No. 1 and 2 are generally held for 1/2 to 1 hour, 1 to 4 hours for treatment No. 3.
Treatment No. 1 is not commonly used for applications below 1500°F (816°C). It is generally used above 1500°F and where resistance to creep is important. The high solution anneal is also used to develop the maximum softness for mild processing operations such as cold rolling or drawing.
Treatment No. 2 is the used treatment and develops an optimum combination of tensile and rupture properties from ambient temperatures to 1900°F (1038°C). Ductility and toughness at cryogenic temperatures are also very good.
Treatment No. 3 is recommended for application below 1200°F (649°C) when maximum fatigue, hardness, tensile and yield strength properties are desired. Ductility and toughness at cryogenic temperatures are excellent. When a fine grain size is desired for fatigue, tensile and yield strengths up to 1500°F (816°C), treatment No. 3 is sometimes used.


Workability

Hot Working
Hot working may done at 2100°F (1149°C) maximum furnace temperature. Care should be exercised to avoid frictional heat build-up which can result in overheating, exceeding 2100°F (1149°C). Alloy 625 becomes very stiff at temperatures below 1850°F (1010°C). Work pieces that fall below this temperature should be reheated. Uniform reductions are recommended to avoid the formation of a duplex grain structure. Approximately 15/20% reduction is recommended for finishing.

Cold Forming
Alloy 625 can be cold formed by standards methods. When the material becomes too stiff from cold working, ductility can be restored by process anneal.

Machineability
Low cutting speeds, rigid tools and work piece, heavy equipment, ample coolant and positive feeds are general recommendations.

High-Speed Cutting Tools for Lathe Turning Operations

Angle

Roughing

Finishing

Back rake
Positive side rake
End clearance
End cutting edge
Side cutting edge





--


14-18°

25°
Up to 45°

Cutting Speeds for High-Speed Steels

Operation

Speed

Feed

sfpm

m/s

ipr

mm/rev

Turning
Drilling (.500"/12.70mm)
Tapping
Milling
Reaming

12-20
10-12
5-10
10-20
8-10

0.06/.010
0.05/0.06
0.03/0.05
0.05/0.10
0.04/0.05

0.010
0.006/0.010
--
--
--

0.25
0.15/0.25
--
--
--

Carbide tools should have smaller angles than high-speed tools and operating speeds can be higher. A sulfur-based cutting fluid is recommended. Thoroughly clean work piece after machining to prevent surface contamination during subsequent heat treating. Chlorine additives would be an alternative.

Weldability
Welding can be accomplished by the gas-shielded processes using a tungsten electrode or a consumable electrode. Postweld heat treatment of the weld are not necessary to maintain corrosion resistance. Heavy restrained sections can be welded and the weld's mechanical properties follow the same trends as base metal properties. Standard practices such as clean surfaces, good joint alignment, U-joints for thicker sections, etc., should be followed.

Inconel 625 - Current Inventory Stock